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Denny Bradbury Books

Denny Bradbury Books

Tag Archives: King Alfred

A History of Christianity Part II.

20 Monday Jun 2011

Posted by dennybradburybooks in History

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

beliefs, Borvo, Christianity, Denny Bradbury, King Alfred, Paganism, religion

Christianity and Borvo

Christianity and the church are central themes in "Borvo"

As mentioned in Part I, Christianity is the world’s largest religion.  It has the greatest number of followers with approximately two billion around the world and forty million in the UK alone, with many different types of Christianity being practised. It is a belief system that over the years has had immense cultural and political consequence across nations, with major divisions occurring between Western Christianity – itself divided into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism – and Orthodox Christianity, and from the 16th and 17th centuries onwards it was a religion that developed missionary movements which established its beliefs throughout the world.

Central to Christian beliefs and practices is the Bible, split into the New Testament that details the life of Jesus and the Early Church and the Old Testament which is identical to the scriptures that Jesus would have referred to as a practising Jew.  Other important texts are the Creeds: the Apostles ’ Creed and the Nicene Creed which are both summaries of the beliefs formulated in the early years of Christianity.

In 1054, a formal division opened up between Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, caused by Christianity spreading throughout the world, with different groups disagreeing over different aspects, thereby causing the Church to begin to split into various branches but prior to this, as mentioned in Part I, it was the Pagan beliefs that were the first direct conflict with Christian values.

Just as in the famous poem “Beowulf” where the two sets of beliefs are accommodated, with Paganism promoting the earthly good and Christianity asserting heavenly salvation, Denny Bradbury also combines the pagan values of bravery and loyalty through her pagan hero Borvo in her soon to be released second novel of the same name. She combines the healing powers of the young boy with the Christian values of forgiveness and peace and a spiritual life through her portrayal of King Alfred, fighting to introduce Christianity to an England being invaded by the marauding Pagan Danes, illustrating how the pagan belief system and Christian traditions are alike in some respects.

Like the book “The Mists of Avalon” released in 1983, in which the chief character is a Pagan Priestess whose half brother is King Alfred, Denny Bradbury also has a main protagonist from a Pagan background finding his way at a time when patriarchal Christianity is taking hold.

The Church, Royalty and ideas collide in the new book "Borvo"

The Church, Royalty and ideas collide in the new book "Borvo"

Nowadays, Christianity is responsible for the way our society is organised and for the way thousands of people currently live.  Its influence can be found in laws, economics, politics, art, music, literature, and architecture, to name just a few and it is a religion split into Roman Catholics, Orthodox, Protestant, Anglican, The Free Churches and Pentecostal, with its impact is felt across all manner of fundamental areas of life such as Human Rights, Marriage and Family, the Governing of countries, and the emergence of scientific laws .

As King Alfred himself showed through his dedication to bringing the written word to his subjects, regardless of class, great emphasis is placed on education through the beliefs of Christianity.

Historian J.M.Roberts, from the book “What’s So Great About Christianity?” by Dinesh D’Souza writes: “We could none of us today be what we are if a handful of Jews nearly two thousand years ago had not believed that they had known a great teacher, seen him crucified, dead  and buried and then rise again”.

Elizabeth Bridgefield

To purchase one of Denny’s books please click on the images below or contact Denny directly at email denisebradbury@btinternet.com.
The Reunion Denagerie of Poems by Denny Bradbury

Monastic Life – Servitude and Prayer

13 Monday Jun 2011

Posted by dennybradburybooks in History, Misc

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Borvo, Christianity, Denny Bradbury, How to be a monk?, King Alfred, monastery, monk, What it takes to be a monk? why did people become monks in medieval times?, Why do monks take a vow of silence?, Winchester

In Denny Bradbury’s new book ‘Borvo‘ her main character attends a monastery in Winchester during the Anglo-Saxon era.

We have already explored the progression of a new recruit from postulant to novice (Monastic Life – From Postulant to Monk), also looking into the clothing that they wear and symbolic significance  (Monastic Life – A ‘habit’ of a lifetime).

Now we will study the daily practices and ask why anyone would choose to leave their loved-ones for a life of strict rule.

Monasteries around the time of King Alfred followed Benedictine rule – a strict regime of prayer, divine reading, and manual labour.

The Liturgy of the Hours was an official set of daily prayers.  They consisted mainly of psalms with hymns and readings.

Traditionally it was an 8-hour set routine:

  • Matins – overnight/midnight
  • Lauds – Dawn or 3am
  • Prime – 6am
  • Terce – 9am
  • Sext – Noon
  • None – 3pm
  • Vespers – 6pm
  • Compline – 9pm

Monks who were ordained in Holy Orders to carry on the teaching i.e. priests were ‘choir monks’.  They had to recite the Divine Office daily in choir which was in Latin.  Their life within the enclave consisted of prayer, divine office and mass.

‘Lay brothers’ was the term associated with those not part of the Holy Orders, monks who did not involve themselves in spreading the word of God.  They provided the material needs of the community i.e. growing food, preparing meals and maintaining the grounds.

Those who could not read Latin learnt The Lords Prayer and Hail Mary and recited those up to 150 times a day.

Secular clergymen and lay brothers had ‘shorter’ prayer routines to fit in with their different lifestyles.

The vow of silence is found in many monasteries however not all orders practised strict silence.  Some had a ‘silent period’ overnight; others would only talk when it was deemed necessary to fulfil their duties.

But why would you leave your families and villages, choosing to sacrifice your independent life for one of servitude and hard labour?

As many would have you believe at the time, they went to monasteries purely to find God and live a good existence.  Of course we cannot deny that some people did sacrifice their freedoms to be closer to their Lord.

What we cannot forget, however, is that monasteries were centres of knowledge and learning, sometimes the only places for scholarship and learning in Europe.  Many contained big libraries including important ancient texts.  The copying of these texts formed a large part of the monks’ life.

Laura Scott

To purchase one of Denny’s books please click on the images below or contact Denny directly at email denisebradbury@btinternet.com.
The Reunion Denagerie of Poems by Denny Bradbury

Monastic Life – The ‘habit’ of a lifetime

08 Wednesday Jun 2011

Posted by dennybradburybooks in History

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Tags

Borvo, Christianity, Denny Bradbury, How to be a medieval monk?, King Alfred, monks, The history of monks?, What did they wear under their habit?, Why did different monks wear different colours?, Why did monks shave their heads?, Winchester

St. Benedict - founder of the Benedictine Monks

Last time we looked at the path a new recruit to religious life must walk – trialing life as a postulant, then entering training as a novice, being permitted to make his solemn or permanent vows (Monastic Life – From Postulant to Monk).

We are now going to look into more detail about the clothing worn.

The monks’ clothing is called the ‘habit’.  It is made up of several different layers.

When the postulant decided to start his proper training as a ‘novice’ he would have been supplied with two tunics, a scapula for work, stockings and shoes.

The two tunics enable him to work and sleep in one whilst the other is being washed.  They were often ankle-length and tied at the middle by cloth or leather belt.

Over the tunic, a monk would wear a scapula.  This was a long wide piece of woolen cloth worn over the shoulders, with a hole for head.  This garment was secured at the front.  The scapula signified ‘obedience’.

The colours varied between orders.  The Benedictine Monks, which were practicing during the period of King Alfred (the setting of Denny Bradbury’s book ‘Borvo’), started out wearing white or grey habits – the colour of un-dyed wool.

In later years, they dyed their clothing black, and became known as ‘the Black Monks’.

Other orders, such as Cistercian and Carthusian, wore greyish-white or brown.

After taking their solemn vows, monks were issued with two cowls (hoods).  These highlighted the fact they had given their allegiance to God.

Some monks would also wear a cross and chain over their scapula, others would instigate suffering and self-punishment by wearing hair-shirts under their tunics.

Another part of ‘dress’ associated with monks was the tonsure – the shaved head.  It was often the preference of the monk as to how shaved the head would be.

All of these items helped the monks to focus on God and set them out from the rest of the people on their travels.

Next time, we explore the daily routine of life within a monastery and ask why people would give up freedoms in the pursuit of monastic life.

Laura Scott

To purchase one of Denny’s books please click on the images below or contact Denny directly at email denisebradbury@btinternet.com.
The Reunion Denagerie of Poems by Denny Bradbury

How they lived in King Alfred’s Time- Part II

26 Thursday May 2011

Posted by dennybradburybooks in History

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

Borvo, Christianity, education, folk healer, King Alfred, Paganism

PagansAnglo-Saxon England at the time of King Alfred’s reign was the epitome of a country paralysed by fear.  The constant battles with the Pagan Danes meant that England was not only losing men who were fighters but also losing valuable farmers, which in turn had a detrimental effect on the country’s ability to sustain itself as a thriving nation.

King Alfred’s biographer, and also his friend, Asser, writes that in the spring of 871 when Alfred was crowned “he did not think that he alone could ever withstand such great harshness from the pagans unless strengthened by divine help, since he had already sustained great losses of many men while his brothers were alive.” 

For much of Alfred’s reign he was doing battle with the heathen Viking King Guthrum, yet England in this period, despite being Christianised, still had many pagan tendencies.  Although Alfred was a Christian King who ultimately converted a pagan ruler such as Guthrum to Christianity through the ritual of Baptism at his final defeat, Alfred did commit a pagan act of vengeance against his defeated opponent by such a conversion.

Denny Bradbury’s latest novel, Borvo, due for release in July, draws upon a combination of Christianity, represented by King Alfred himself, and Paganism represented by the young healer boy who utilises the pagan rituals of healing through nature.  Just as Alfred himself lived for a time as a peasant in the marshes of Athelney , when he was in hiding from the Danes – a humbled and appreciative King living with his wife and children alongside his own people – so too in Borvo does the King form a friendship with a young boy of no social standing but remarkable skill and eventual vital necessity to the King.Marshes

When Alfred came to the throne of Wesssex as a young boy aged twenty one, his kingdom lay in ruins.  Pagan Vikings, led by Guthrum, had destroyed the country’s crop, torn down and looted churches and monasteries and burned whole towns to the ground.  Through Alfred’s sheer determination, applied knowledge and skill, and his unwavering faith in God, he began to slowly rebuild his kingdom for his people, making it his mission to rescue and restore the culture of England that the Pagans had all but destroyed.  Alfred not only trained and taught the next generation to stand firm in their belief in the Christian faith, resisting what he saw to be the influences of paganism such as fame, fate and vengeance, he also worked extremely hard to promote and grow a cultural vision steeped in Christianity through many mediums such as art, literature and education, teaching men how to read and creating his own written law code.

His time spent in hiding, learning to live like one of his own people, meant he developed a strong bond with those of humble origins who later helped him to fight for, and reclaim, his crown.

In Denny Bradbury’s “A Denagerie Of Poems” there is a poem entitled “Heathland” where she writes:

“Heathland calls and pulls my heart,
This is not where I made my start,
I came to view on journey wild,
And found my place, as though a child.”

As in Borvo, and during the reign of King Alfred, the land and those who worked the land were vital in sustaining the country’s growth.  Denny explores this theme by mixing in both the elements of Paganism and Christianity at a time of great change and unrest, illustrating the plight of a pagan folk healer in the wake of Christian dominance and how common ground can be found between the two.

To read more about Paganism versus Christianity, please click here.

Elizabeth Bridgefield

 

To purchase one of Denny’s books please click on the images below or contact Denny directly at email denisebradbury@btinternet.com.
The Reunion Denagerie of Poems by Denny Bradbury

Healing – Pagan versus Christianity

23 Monday May 2011

Posted by dennybradburybooks in History

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Borvo, Christianity, Denny Bradbury, healers, King Alfred, pagan

The 'wise' or the 'witches'

We have already ventured into the world of healers, focussing on the Anglo-Saxon era around the time of King Alfred.  Indeed this topic and this time-frame is the source of Denny Bradbury’s new book ‘Borvo’.

One area Denny touches upon is the plight of folk-healers in the face of Christian dominance.

Within their communities, folk-healers were respected and a vital part of survival for the villages.  Their tasks varied from nurses, midwives and counsellors to pharmacists and surgeons.

Indeed, they have been described as the ‘unlicensed doctors and anatomists of western history’ (Ehrenreich/English 1971).

As mentioned in ‘Anglo-Saxon Healing – Potions, amulets and chants‘, knowledge of anatomy and treatments tended to be handed down through generations of family; each person learning from their predecessor and adding their own refined methods to the vault of history.

Working with Mother Nature and using the forces around them was a main characteristic of folk-healing, and that was a form of pagan religion.

Unfortunately it is always the victor of any battle who will write its’ history and paganism got a raw deal at the hands of Christianity.

The Edict of Milan in AD313 sealed the fate of paganism and other druid religions, confirming Christianity as the religion of the Roman Empire.

Pagan healers were written into history as devil worshippers.  Christians believed any illness was God’s will – pain was a form of punishment – and only faith and prayer for forgiveness would alleviate the condition if, indeed, it was God’s desire for them to be healed.

As such, should anyone try to heal by other means, such as folk-healers and their herbs, then they were working against God.  Any successes were therefore attributed to the devil and any treatments were deemed ‘evil’.

Prayers vs chants; faith in God vs belief in Mother Nature.  The two ‘religions’ were very similar yet on a political scale one was accepted; the other was to be feared.

The role of the physician as a profession only really came about in the 13th century.  The Church up to this point was deemed to have hindered the development of medicine and anatomical knowledge: faith was preferred to science.

The folk-healers did not understand ‘science’ as such but they are respected in the present day for their understanding of ailments and cures.

It was only through the crusades an experience of the Arab world that medicine became recognised.  From that moment, the idea of treatment was becoming more acceptable and the Church assisted in the improvement of knowledge.

Until this time any physicians used to treat royalty and the upper classes tended to get their training through reading Latin texts which based ideas on theology and astrology – monks and priests.

Peasants would not have had access to these ‘doctors’ and had all folk-healers been eradicated, which was the attempt during the witch-trials of 14th-17th century, then there is no doubt that society would be very different today.

It is a sorry state of affairs when the people call healers ‘wise’ yet the authorities term them ‘witches and charlatans’.

Laura Scott

To purchase one of Denny’s books please click on the images below or contact Denny directly at email denisebradbury@btinternet.com.
The Reunion Denagerie of Poems by Denny Bradbury

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